Diabetes Mellitus: Let's clear all your doubts

Diabetes Mellitus, it's also having the common name for diabetes. This disorder of carbohydrate metabolism characterized by high blood sugar levels which are also known as hyperglycemia ad a high level of sugar in the urine (glycosuria). It is accompanied in many cases by secondary alterations of fat and protein metabolism, resulting in an array of physical disorders. 

Therefore, Diabetes is a metabolic disease. Diabetes can be kept well under control and managed with proper care through lifestyle but the sad part is it can not be cured.

The cause of diabetes mellitus are: 

Environmental and Acquired factors- There can be an infection or cell cytotoxicity or the function of beta cells is damaged through other mechanisms like inadequate protein intake or toxic substances.

Lifestyle- Overweight or obesity are the factors that contribute to diabetes. Many researchers have also found a high BMI is the risk factor for diabetes. Physical inactivity is the risk factor for non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Another factor is malnutrition. Pancreatic disorders also cause diabetes. 

Endocrine and Metabolic disturbances- Hormones like an adrenal cortical tropical hormone, glycogen, and adrenalin are shown to be diabetogenic since they increase the level of blood sugar. 

There are Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (Type 1DM). It is also known as juvenile-onset diabetes patients who depend on insulin. This occurs in the younger age group and the sudden occurrence. 

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (Type 2 DM). It is also known as adult-onset diabetes. It is not dependent on insulin. This develops slowly and milder and more stable. 

The other types of diabetes are Genetic defects of beta-cell function, Disease of the endocrine pancreas, Gestational diabetes, Genetic defects in insulin action, Endocrinopathies, and Drug or chemical induced. 

The symptoms of diabetes 

The initial symptoms of diabetes include the excretion of large amounts of glucose in urine. 

The person will feel very thirsty constantly and drinks large quantities of water. 

The person develops a lack of appetite, nausea, and vomiting. The other symptom is dehydration and hyperglycemia, ketosis, acidaemia.  

Other possible symptoms are blurred vision, infection, and skin irritation. 

The test for diabetes is an interpretation of the GTT curve, HbA1C- Haemoglobin A1 and Haemoglobin A1C. 

A diabetes having person should keep some tips in his/her mind. The key to successful control and management of diabetes is sound and realistic personal education. The points are:

The person should know about the knowledge of the disease such as what is the disease, what are the symptoms, and what should be the care for. 

The diet with exchange list and menu of the whole is better for them to understand more about it. 

Hypoglycaemic agents involved in the control and diet are also related to it. The person should know what kind of food causes hypoglycemia.

There should be household methods for detecting the sugar and acetone in the urine. 

How exercise controls the diabetic condition, how its relation to balance with insulin and food. 

The medical plants which are used in diabetes mellitus

Jamun/ Syzigium cumini- It is found in India. It has a unique taste and flavor. It is dark purple in color. It has hypoglycemic effects naturally. The seed of Jamun contains quercetin, ellagic acid, gallic acid and also has an anti-oxidant effect. 

Fenugreek/ Trigonellafoenum graecum Linn- These are available in seeds and leaves. Both are edible. The seeds and leaves have hypoglycemic effects. And they also contain fiber, fat, and saponins. 

Bitter gourd/ karela/ Momordica charantia Linn- It is used in the treatment of gastroenteritis, diabetes, some viral infections, and tumors. It is also known as an anti-diabetic remedy. 

For the diet purpose. The diet should preserve the life of the diabetic person and relieve the symptoms of the disease. This diet is the best way to keep an eye on it. 

The Diet is based on individuals. As every person has a different body, different life and their needs are also different. The overall diet should be high in protein, fruits, and vegetables rich which will provide fiber and reduce the amount of fat. Keep an eye on your carbohydrates. 

If there is a need for weight loss then first do that and along with that other factors should be looking. 

I hope this basic information will help you. As diabetes is a very huge topic it can not be covered in this small blog. But I have tried. 

Stay healthy and stay safe

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